4.9 main 函数¶
int main()
{
TicTacToe tictactoe_sample;
tictactoe_sample.begin_info();
tictactoe_sample.play_game();
return 0;
}
4 重构：使用类¶
之前只是用到了简单的控制结构：for、while、if、switch 等，连函数都没用上。当然，这样的好处是容易把自己的想法先实现了，尽管代码很笨，又丑又长，但是思路清晰，容易理解。能够实现随机的井子棋之后，可以考虑重构代码，进一步抽象化。这里使用了类。
4.1 TicTacToe 类¶
把之前下棋的过程，定义了一个 TicTacToe 类，分割成独立的函数，在类外定义：
class TicTacToe
{
public:
TicTacToe();
void begin_info(); // 输出欢迎信息
void user_choose(); // 用户下棋
void computer_choose(); // 计算机下棋
void judge_win_or_lose(); // 判断输赢
void board_info(); // 棋盘状态
void play_game(); // 下棋
private:
/* 定义棋盘 board */
// 分别存储在 boundary（边界）,以及 sidebar（边栏）的变量里
string boundary;
string sidebar; //空白的左边栏
string split_line;// 定义分割线
string mark[3][3] ; // 定义棋子标记 mark
string user_name;
string bar[3] ; // 定义输出棋子的行
string piece; // 存放用户选择的棋子
int user_x, user_y, choose_number; // 存放用户的棋子坐标
int computer_x, computer_y; // 存放计算机的棋子坐标
int step; // 计算是第几步
bool win_o, win_x; // 判断输赢，是执棋子 O 的还是 X 的赢了
};
4.2 初始化¶
构造函数 TicTacToe() 初始化随机种子值，棋子变量和判断输赢的变量
TicTacToe::TicTacToe()
{
srand(time(0)); // 改变随机种子值
for (int x = 0; x < 3; ++x) // 初始化棋子为空字符串
{
for (int y = 0; y <3; ++y)
{
mark[x][y] = " ";
}
}
win_o = false;
win_x = false;
}
4.3 欢迎信息¶
begin_info() 输出欢迎信息，并指导用户下棋
void TicTacToe::begin_info()
{
cout << "你叫什么呀：";
cin >> user_name;
cout << "\nHello, " << user_name << " ^_^" << " 选择棋子 O 还是 X ：";
cin >> piece;
cout << "\n棋盘如下：" << endl;
boundary = "+---+---+---+";
sidebar = " "; //空白的左边栏
split_line = "------";// 定义分割线
cout << sidebar << boundary << endl;
cout << sidebar << "| " << 1 << " | " << 2 << " | " << 3 << " |" << endl;
cout << sidebar << boundary << endl;
cout << sidebar << "| " << 4 << " | " << 5 << " | " << 6 << " |" << endl;
cout << sidebar << boundary << endl;
cout << sidebar << "| " << 7 << " | " << 8 << " | " << 9 << " |" << endl;
cout << sidebar << boundary << endl;
}
4.4 用户下棋¶
void TicTacToe::user_choose()
{
cout << "\n请输入下棋的位置序号（1～9）："; //用户选择的坐标值
cin >> choose_number;
switch (choose_number)
{
case 1 : user_x = 0, user_y = 0; break;
case 2 : user_x = 0, user_y = 1; break;
case 3 : user_x = 0, user_y = 2; break;
case 4 : user_x = 1, user_y = 0; break;
case 5 : user_x = 1, user_y = 1; break;
case 6 : user_x = 1, user_y = 2; break;
case 7 : user_x = 2, user_y = 0; break;
case 8 : user_x = 2, user_y = 1; break;
case 9 : user_x = 2, user_y = 2; break;
}
// 判断用户选择的位置是否已经存在棋子
while (mark[user_x][user_y] == " O " || mark[user_x][user_y] == " X " )
{
cout << "棋盘上已经存在棋子，请重新输入：" << endl;
cout << "请输入下棋的位置序号（1～9）：";
cin >> choose_number;
switch (choose_number)
{
case 1 : user_x = 0, user_y = 0; break;
case 2 : user_x = 0, user_y = 1; break;
case 3 : user_x = 0, user_y = 2; break;
case 4 : user_x = 1, user_y = 0; break;
case 5 : user_x = 1, user_y = 1; break;
case 6 : user_x = 1, user_y = 2; break;
case 7 : user_x = 2, user_y = 0; break;
case 8 : user_x = 2, user_y = 1; break;
case 9 : user_x = 2, user_y = 2; break;
}
}
}
4.5 计算机下棋¶
void TicTacToe::computer_choose()
{
computer_x = random(3), computer_y = random(3); // 随机生成坐标值
while (mark[computer_x][computer_y] != " ") // 判断是否棋盘是否已经存在这个棋子
{
computer_x = random(3);
computer_y = random(3);
}
}
4.6 判断输赢¶
void TicTacToe::judge_win_or_lose()
{
// 判断交叉线是否相等
if (mark[0][0] == " O " && mark [1][1] == " O " && mark[2][2] == " O ")
win_o = true;
if (mark[0][0] == " X " && mark [1][1] == " X " && mark[2][2] == " X ")
win_x = true;
if (mark[0][2] == " O " && mark [1][1] == " O " && mark[2][0] == " O ")
win_o = true;
if (mark[0][2] == " X " && mark [1][1] == " X " && mark[2][0] == " X ")
win_x = true;
// 判断行和列是否相等
for (int c = 0; c < 3; ++c)
{
if (mark[c][0] == " O " && mark[c][1] == " O " && mark[c][2] == " O ")
win_o = true;
if (mark[c][0] == " X " && mark[c][1] == " X " && mark[c][2] == " X ")
win_x = true;
if (mark[0][c] == " O " && mark[1][c] == " O " && mark[2][c] == " O ")
win_o = true;
if (mark[0][c] == " X " && mark[1][c] == " X " && mark[2][c] == " X ")
win_x = true;
}
}
4.7 棋盘状态¶
void TicTacToe::board_info()
{
// 输出每一步下棋的棋盘状态
for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
{
bar[k] = '|' + mark[k][0] + '|' + mark[k][1] + '|' + mark[k][2] + '|' ;
}
cout << endl;
cout << split_line << boundary << endl;
cout << " 第 " << bar[0] << endl;
cout << sidebar << boundary << endl;
cout << " " << step << " " << bar[1] << endl;
cout << sidebar << boundary << endl;
cout << " 步 " << bar[2] << endl;
cout << split_line << boundary << endl;
cout << endl;
}
4.8 下棋¶
void TicTacToe::play_game()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
step = i + 1;
user_choose();
mark[user_x][user_y] = " " + piece + " ";
if ( i < 4 ) // 如果进行到了第五轮，只能是轮到用户下棋
computer_choose();
judge_win_or_lose(); // 判断用户是否赢了
if (win_x != true && win_o != true) // 如果用户没有赢，则轮到计算机下棋
{
if (piece == "O") // 定义与用户不同的棋子
mark[computer_x][computer_y] = " X ";
else
mark[computer_x][computer_y] = " O ";
}
judge_win_or_lose(); // 判断计算机是否赢了
board_info();
if (win_o || win_x)
{
if ( (win_o && piece == "O") || (win_x && piece == "X") )
cout << " 你赢了 ^_^ \n" << endl;
else
cout << " 你输了 >_< \n" << endl;
break;
}
if (i == 4) // 判断是否平局
{
cout << " 平局 －_－# \n" << endl;
break;
}
}
}
